1. Te Keri me te Whakarewa i te Konumohe: Mai i te Kohatu ki te Mea Whakarewa
Ka tīmata te hanga konumohe mā te keri i tana konganuku matua, te bauxite. Ko te bauxite, he nui puta noa i te ao, ka pāngia e tētahi tukanga tango matū uaua hei whakaputa alumina, kātahi ka whakarewahia hei whakaputa konganuku konumohe mā te whakaiti hiko. He tino nui te kaha e hiahiatia ana i tēnei tukanga, ā, ka puta ētahi tukunga waro, ka nui haere te hiahia ki te hanga konumohe e pā ana ki ngā rauemi taiao me te kaha.
I roto i ngā kaihanga konumohe matua o te ao,Rio Tintoā, ko Alcoa te mea tino motuhake. Ko Rio Tinto, kei te UK me Ahitereiria tōna tari matua, tētahi o ngā kamupene keri nui rawa atu o te ao, ā, he paionia hoki ia i roto i te hanga konumohe waro-iti. Ko Alcoa, kei te US tōna tari matua, he kaiārahi i roto i ngā mahi auaha me te pumau o te konumohe, me te whakamahi pinepine i ngā puna pūngao whakahou i roto i āna tukanga whakaputa. He mahi nui tā ngā kamupene e rua ki te whakarite i te tuku o te konumohe kounga teitei ki te ao, e whai hua ana ki ngā ahumahi pēnei i te hanga pouaka konumohe.
Kei te piki haere te aro o ngā kaihanga konumohe ki te hanga konumohe matomato mā te whakamahi i te pūngao hou hei whakaiti i ngā tukunga waro. He tino taea te hangarua anō hoki te konumohe, ā, e 5% noa iho o te pūngao e hiahiatia ana mō te hanga tuatahi e whakamahia ana e te konumohe hangarua. Kei te piki haere te rongonui o tēnei ia ki te konumohe hangarua i roto i te umanga, e tohu ana i tētahi whanaketanga pai mō ngā kaihoko e aro ana ki te taiao.
2. Te Tukatuka i te Pouaka Konumohe: Te Hanga i te Āhua me ngā Āhuatanga Ahurei o te Konumohe
Kia oti ngā poro konumohe te hanga, ka tukuna ki ngā whare tukatuka kia hurihia, kia whakatōkia, kia tukatukahia hoki, kia hangaia hei rau, hei koiri, hei kōtaha rānei o ngā rahi me ngā whakaritenga rerekē. He rerekē ngā momo rauemi konumohe e hiahiatia ana mō ngā whakamahinga rerekē o ngā pouaka konumohe: ko ngā pouaka mama ka aro nui ki te whakahaere taumaha, ko ngā pouaka tiaki ka whakamahi pea i te konumohe matotoru ake hei whakapakari i te roa.
Ko ētahi o ngā tukatuka konumohe rongonui o te ao koWaiora, Chalco, meNgā Pukapuka. E mōhiotia whānuitia ana a Hydro, he kamupene Nōwei, mō tana whakapau kaha ki ngā otinga konumohe pumau, ā, e arotahi ana ki te whakaputa konumohe kounga teitei mō ngā tono kanorau. Ko Chalco (China Aluminum Corporation) tētahi kaihanga nui o Haina e mōhiotia ana mō āna mahi konumohe whānui, tae atu ki te keri, te tukatuka, me te hangarua. Ko Novelis, he kaiārahi o ngā hua konumohe hurihuri kei te US, e arotahi nui ana ki te hangarua, e whai wāhi ana ki te whakaputa pumau o ngā rauemi konumohe kounga teitei mō ngā ahumahi pēnei i te motuka, te takai, me ngā tono motuhake, pēnei i ngā pouaka konumohe.
He mea nui anō hoki te maimoatanga mata i tēnei wāhanga. Ehara i te mea ka whakapai ake te whakakoi i te konumohe i te ātete ki te waikura anake, engari ka whakarei ake hoki i tōna āhua, ka nui ake ngā tae me ngā kanapa. He pānga tika tō ēnei taipitopito tukatuka ki te kounga whakamutunga me te roa o te ora o ngā pouaka konumohe.
3. Te Pānga o te Kounga me te Utu o te Konumohe ki te Utu o te Pouaka Konumohe
Hei kaihoko, mā te mārama ki te hanga me te tukatuka i te konumohe ka āwhina i a tātou kia mārama ake ki te hanganga utu o ngā pouaka konumohe, ā, ka taea hoki e tātou te whakatau whai whakaaro ake i te wā e hoko ana. Hei tauira, mā te whiriwhiri i ngā waitohu e whakamahi ana i te konumohe hangarua kua whakamanahia, i ngā rauemi kounga teitei rānei, ka kore e whakapūmau i te hua pai anake, engari ka tautoko hoki i te hanga e aro ana ki te taiao.
I roto i te hanganga utu o ngā pouaka konumohe, he nui te wāhanga o ngā rauemi konumohe. Ka pā tika ngā piki me ngā heke o ngā utu konumohe ki te utu mākete o ngā pouaka konumohe. Hei tauira, ka piki tere ngā utu konumohe o te ao nā ngā huringa o te tuku me te tono, nā ngā nekehanga utu pūngao rānei, he mea tino pā ki ngā kaihanga pouaka e whakawhirinaki ana ki te konumohe kounga teitei. Ka pāngia ngā kaihoko e tēnei piki me te heke o te utu.
4. Ngā Auahatanga o te Ao: Kakariki, Māmā
Hei kaihoko, mā te mārama ki te hanga me te tukatuka i te konumohe ka āwhina i a tātou kia mārama ake ki te hanganga utu o ngā pouaka konumohe, ā, ka taea hoki e tātou te whakatau whai whakaaro ake i te wā e hoko ana. Hei tauira, mā te whiriwhiri i ngā waitohu e whakamahi ana i te konumohe hangarua kua whakamanahia, i ngā rauemi kounga teitei rānei, ka kore e whakapūmau i te hua pai anake, engari ka tautoko hoki i te hanga e aro ana ki te taiao.
I roto i te hanganga utu o ngā pouaka konumohe, he nui te wāhanga o ngā rauemi konumohe. Ka pā tika ngā piki me ngā heke o ngā utu konumohe ki te utu mākete o ngā pouaka konumohe. Hei tauira, ka piki tere ngā utu konumohe o te ao nā ngā huringa o te tuku me te tono, nā ngā nekehanga utu pūngao rānei, he mea tino pā ki ngā kaihanga pouaka e whakawhirinaki ana ki te konumohe kounga teitei. Ka pāngia ngā kaihoko e tēnei piki me te heke o te utu.
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi-08-2024
